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Now that we have determined the appropriate “Mode of Attack” we need to determine what the fire flow needs are for the fire we are confronted with. Many fire departments establish a minimum acceptable fire flow (target flow) in their standard operating procedures...

The fire ground decision making process happens very differently than the process we use in everyday life. There isn’t time to evaluate and slowly process information to consider your options or consult others and ask for their advice. Fire ground decisions have to be made in...

Most recently the NPFA has issued changes to its’ standard for “Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus for Emergency Services”, aka NFPA 1981. As emergency service personnel we all should become familiar with this standard and how the...